What questions are raised by the study concern whether the cholesterol levels are enough, or whether inflammation (as measured by C-reactive protein) ought to be considered as well when assessing the risk of heart disease. Another question is whether this effect is common to all statins, or shows up in particular statins. (Could generic simvastatin create the same effect.) A third question is whether the cost is worth the benefit, as the NNT for 1.9 years of treatment (to prevent a cardiac event) is on the order of 120 people. In short, more questions are raised by the JUPITER study than are answered, and public policy toward the consumption of statins is unlikely to change based on this one study.
Update: a newly released study about Lipitor suggests kidney function may be involved, so far at the "association," but not "causation," level.
Edits: some grammar mistakes and clarifications.
Edits: some grammar mistakes and clarifications.